Nebojša Nešković is a theoretical physicist also involved in accelerator technologies. Currently, he is Member of the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development of Serbia and Member of the Scientific Council of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia. Also, he is Trustee and Secretary General of the World Academy of Art and Science, Associate Member of the Club of Rome, and President of the Serbian Chapter of the Club of Rome.

He has been Director of the Laboratory of Physics of the Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia, and Associate Director of the Vinča Institute responsible for making and implementing its long-range research program. He has also been Head of the TESLA Project, in the Vinča Institute, which comprised the construction and use of a large-scale facility for science and medicine with ion beams, and Director of the TESLA Scientific Center, an association of 15 scientific and educational institutions from South Eastern and Central Europe, whose joint program has been focused on science with accelerators and accelerator technologies.

Besides, he has been the main organizer of a number of international scientific meetings related to materials science, nanoscience, radiation research, biomedicine, nuclear physics, physics of elementary particles, nuclear medicine, sustainable development, future education, etc. He has authored or coauthored numerous scientific publications.