The 21st century has seen unprecedented technological innovation reshaping economies, societies, and the environment, particularly in Asia, where rapid growth and diversity intersect with evolving geopolitical influence. Technology, science, and innovation (TSI) are vital for addressing critical challenges such as climate change, health crises, and economic inequalities. However, the TSI landscape in Asia is highly uneven. East Asia leads in advanced research and innovation, while Southeast and South Asia face resource constraints and institutional challenges. Central Asia is transitioning toward knowledge-based economies, albeit with varying readiness levels.

This diversity highlights the region’s disparate TSI trajectories, influenced by historical and cultural legacies, and the lack of cohesive policy frameworks exacerbates these disparities. The brief examines the evolution of TSI policies, analyzing their theoretical foundations, successes, and limitations. It advocates for governance strategies emphasizing inclusivity, sustainability, and resilience. Integrating indigenous knowledge into policy frameworks is crucial for addressing societal and environmental needs. Moving forward, Asian nations have the opportunity to design balanced frameworks that align technological progress with equitable development, fostering regional trust and cooperation.

This AASSA-INSA-IAP brief delves into the evolution of TSI policies, exploring how regional and global dynamics have shaped them and how they can be adapted to address future challenges. It critiques existing frameworks through concepts like institutionalism and path dependency, highlighting successes and gaps. The discussion emphasizes the need for inclusive, sustainable, and resilient governance strategies. Integrating indigenous knowledge into these policies is key to addressing societal and environmental needs. As Asia navigates its path, the opportunity lies in creating balanced frameworks that foster technological growth, equitable development, and regional cooperation.

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